lvm

Copied from https://gist.github.com/plepe

mdadm

md: multiple devices
command description

cat /proc/mdstat

1	cat /proc/mdstat

show status of all raids

mdadm --detail /dev/md0

1	mdadm --detail /dev/md0

detailed status of raid md0

mdadm --create /dev/md0 -n2 -l1 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1

1	mdadm --create /dev/md0 -n2 -l1 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1

new raid /dev/md0 with 2 disks, raid level 1 on /dev/sda1 and /dev/sda2

mdadm --fail /dev/md0 /dev/sda1

1	mdadm --fail /dev/md0 /dev/sda1

mdadm --remove /dev/md0 /dev/sda1

1	mdadm --remove /dev/md0 /dev/sda1

remove /dev/sda1 from /dev/md0

mdadm --add /dev/md0 /dev/sda1

1	mdadm --add /dev/md0 /dev/sda1

add /dev/sda1 to /dev/md0

mdadm --grow /dev/md0 -n3

1	mdadm --grow /dev/md0 -n3

use 3 disks in raid /dev/md0 (e.g. add an additional disk, so a damaged drive can be removed later-on)

mdadm --assemble /dev/md0

1	mdadm --assemble /dev/md0

Assemble /dev/md0 (e.g. when running live system)

mdadm --detail --scan >> /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf

1	mdadm --detail --scan >> /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf

Update list of arrays in /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf ; you should remove old list by hand first!

mdadm --examine /dev/sda1

1	mdadm --examine /dev/sda1

What is this disk / partition?

sysctl -w dev.raid.speed_limit_min=10000

1	sysctl -w dev.raid.speed_limit_min=10000

Set minimum raid rebuilding speed to 10000 kiB/s (default 1000)

sfdisk -d /dev/sdX | sfdisk /dev/sdY

1	sfdisk -d /dev/sdX \| sfdisk /dev/sdY

Copy partition table from sdX to sdY (MBR only)

sgdisk /dev/sdX -R /dev/sdY ; sgdisk -G /dev/sdY

1	sgdisk /dev/sdX -R /dev/sdY ; sgdisk -G /dev/sdY

Copy partition table from sdX to sdY (GPT)

To boot a machine even with a degraded array, modify /etc/initramfs-tools/conf.d/mdadm and run update-initramfs -c -kall (Use with caution!)

pv: physical device (e.g. /dev/md0 or /dev/sda1)
vg: volume group (consists of 1 or more pvs, contains lvs); has a name (e.g. lvm)
lv: logical volume (has a name which defines its path, e.g. /dev/lvm/root which equals dev/mapper/lvm-root)
command description

pvcreate /dev/md0

1	pvcreate /dev/md0

initializes /dev/md0 as phys device for a volume group

vgcreate lvm /dev/md0

1	vgcreate lvm /dev/md0

create volume group lvm with phys device /dev/md0

lvcreate -L30G -nroot lvm ; mkfs.ext4 /dev/lvm/root

1	lvcreate -L30G -nroot lvm ; mkfs.ext4 /dev/lvm/root

create logical volume root, sized 30G in volume group lvm; format with ext4

lvextend -L60G -nroot lvm ; resize2fs /dev/lvm/root

1	lvextend -L60G -nroot lvm ; resize2fs /dev/lvm/root

extend /dev/lvm/root to 60G; also resize file system to new size

pvs, vgs, lvs

1	pvs, vgs, lvs

show short info about pv, vg and lv

pvdisplay, vgdisplay, lvdisplay

1	pvdisplay, vgdisplay, lvdisplay

show long info

pvscan /dev/md0

1	pvscan /dev/md0

scan disks for physical volumes (e.g. when running live system)

vgextend lvm /dev/md1

1	vgextend lvm /dev/md1

add phys device /dev/md1 to volume group lvm (need pvcreate first!)

pvmove /dev/md0 ; vgreduce lvm /dev/md0

1	pvmove /dev/md0 ; vgreduce lvm /dev/md0

move all logical volumes from /dev/md0 and remove phys device from volume group

Other
create bios grub partition

parted
mklabel gpt
unit s
mkpart bios 64s 2047s
set 1 bios_grub on
mkpart NAME 2048s [end]

parted

mklabel gpt

unit s

mkpart bios 64s 2047s

set 1 bios_grub on

mkpart NAME 2048s [end]

Our standard build = 30GB.Â How do you expand the file system without losing data and/or the VM.

Our test

30GB standard VM

Need to increase /motr to 100GB

Before you start, verify that the new space can be seen.Â Here is the un-modified fdisk.

Either reboot, or just enter this in.Â This will rescan the disk to find the new space.

echo 1 > /sys/block/sda/device/rescan

bwmx01d:~ # <strong>fdisk -l</strong>

Disk /dev/sda: 139.6 GB, 139586437120 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 16970 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x18d9c094

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1           8       64228+  83  Linux
/dev/sda2               9        3916    31391010   8e  Linux LVM

bwmx01d:~ # fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 139.6 GB, 139586437120 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 16970 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x18d9c094

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sda1 * 1 8 64228+ 83 Linux

/dev/sda2 9 3916 31391010 8e Linux LVM

bwmx01d:~ # <strong>df -h</strong>
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/system-LVRoot
                      4.8G  2.2G  2.5G  48% /
devtmpfs              2.0G  116K  2.0G   1% /dev
tmpfs                 2.0G     0  2.0G   0% /dev/shm
/dev/mapper/system-LVhome
                      2.0G   46M  1.8G   3% /home
/dev/mapper/system-LVmotr
                      114G  836M  108G   1% /motr
/dev/mapper/system-LVtmp
                      985M   66M  869M   8% /tmp
/dev/mapper/system-LVvar
                      3.9G  142M  3.6G   4% /var
/dev/sda1              63M   15M   45M  25% /lvmboot
bwmx01d:~ #

bwmx01d:~ # df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/system-LVRoot

4.8G 2.2G 2.5G 48% /

devtmpfs 2.0G 116K 2.0G 1% /dev

tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev/shm

/dev/mapper/system-LVhome

2.0G 46M 1.8G 3% /home

/dev/mapper/system-LVmotr

114G 836M 108G 1% /motr

/dev/mapper/system-LVtmp

985M 66M 869M 8% /tmp

/dev/mapper/system-LVvar

3.9G 142M 3.6G 4% /var

/dev/sda1 63M 15M 45M 25% /lvmboot

bwmx01d:~ #

#1Â Start by creating a new primary with your new disk space, this also can be an extended

p = print

n = create new partition

w = write

t = type (8e = LVM)

Here’s the original without the new partition.

bwmx01d:~ # <strong>fdisk /dev/sda</strong>

The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 16970.
There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
and could in certain setups cause problems with:
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
   (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)

Command (m for help): <strong>p</strong>

Disk /dev/sda: 139.6 GB, 139586437120 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 16970 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x18d9c094

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1           8       64228+  83  Linux
/dev/sda2               9        3916    31391010   8e  Linux LVM

Command (m for help):

bwmx01d:~ # fdisk /dev/sda

The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 16970.

There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,

and could in certain setups cause problems with:

1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)

2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs

(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sda: 139.6 GB, 139586437120 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 16970 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x18d9c094

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sda1 * 1 8 64228+ 83 Linux

/dev/sda2 9 3916 31391010 8e Linux LVM

Command (m for help):

Add a new partition with the new space, we will create this on /dev/sda3.Â n = create new partition, p = print, t = disk type

Command (m for help): <strong>p</strong>

Disk /dev/sda: 139.6 GB, 139586437120 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 16970 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x18d9c094

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1           8       64228+  83  Linux
/dev/sda2               9        3916    31391010   8e  Linux LVM

Command (m for help): <strong>n</strong>
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
<strong>p</strong>
Partition number (1-4): <strong>3</strong>
First cylinder (3917-16970, default 3917): <strong>&lt;hit enter&gt;</strong>
Using default value 3917
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (3917-16970, default 16970): <strong>&lt;hit enter&gt;</strong>
Using default value 16970

Command (m for help): <strong>p</strong>

Disk /dev/sda: 139.6 GB, 139586437120 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 16970 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x18d9c094

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1           8       64228+  83  Linux
/dev/sda2               9        3916    31391010   8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sda3            3917       16970   104856255   83  Linux

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sda: 139.6 GB, 139586437120 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 16970 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x18d9c094

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sda1 * 1 8 64228+ 83 Linux

/dev/sda2 9 3916 31391010 8e Linux LVM

Command (m for help): n

Command action

e extended

p primary partition (1-4)

p

Partition number (1-4): 3

First cylinder (3917-16970, default 3917): <hit enter>

Using default value 3917

Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (3917-16970, default 16970): <hit enter>

Using default value 16970

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sda: 139.6 GB, 139586437120 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 16970 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x18d9c094

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sda1 * 1 8 64228+ 83 Linux

/dev/sda2 9 3916 31391010 8e Linux LVM

/dev/sda3 3917 16970 104856255 83 Linux

Now that it’s created we need to specify the partition type and switch that to Linux LVM.Â Type = 8e for Linux LVM

Command (m for help): <strong>p</strong>

Disk /dev/sda: 139.6 GB, 139586437120 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 16970 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x18d9c094

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1           8       64228+  83  Linux
/dev/sda2               9        3916    31391010   8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sda3            3917       16970   104856255   83  Linux

Command (m for help): <strong>t </strong>
Partition number (1-4): <strong>3</strong>
Hex code (type L to list codes): <strong>8e</strong>
Changed system type of partition 3 to 8e (Linux LVM)

Command (m for help): <strong>p</strong>

Disk /dev/sda: 139.6 GB, 139586437120 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 16970 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x18d9c094

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1           8       64228+  83  Linux
/dev/sda2               9        3916    31391010   8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sda3            3917       16970   104856255   8e  Linux LVM

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sda: 139.6 GB, 139586437120 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 16970 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x18d9c094

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sda1 * 1 8 64228+ 83 Linux

/dev/sda2 9 3916 31391010 8e Linux LVM

/dev/sda3 3917 16970 104856255 83 Linux

Command (m for help): t

Partition number (1-4): 3

Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e

Changed system type of partition 3 to 8e (Linux LVM)

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sda: 139.6 GB, 139586437120 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 16970 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x18d9c094

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sda1 * 1 8 64228+ 83 Linux

/dev/sda2 9 3916 31391010 8e Linux LVM

/dev/sda3 3917 16970 104856255 8e Linux LVM

Looks good.Â Â Now we need to write this partition to disk using the w

Command (m for help): <strong>p</strong>

Disk /dev/sda: 139.6 GB, 139586437120 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 16970 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x18d9c094

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1           8       64228+  83  Linux
/dev/sda2               9        3916    31391010   8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sda3            3917       16970   104856255   8e  Linux LVM

Command (m for help): <strong>w</strong>
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sda: 139.6 GB, 139586437120 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 16970 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x18d9c094

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sda1 * 1 8 64228+ 83 Linux

/dev/sda2 9 3916 31391010 8e Linux LVM

/dev/sda3 3917 16970 104856255 8e Linux LVM

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.

The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at

the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)

Syncing disks.

run partprobe -s

which will re-scan the new partition table.Â A reboot will do the samething, but why reboot?

Increase the physical layer

bwmx01d:~ # <strong>pvcreate /dev/sda3</strong>
  No physical volume label read from /dev/sda3
  Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created

bwmx01d:~ # pvcreate /dev/sda3

No physical volume label read from /dev/sda3

Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created

Increase the “system” volume. System = the volume name

bwmx01d:~ # <strong>vgextend system /dev/sda3</strong>
  Volume group "system" successfully extended

1 2	bwmx01d:~ # <strong>vgextend system /dev/sda3</strong> Volume group "system" successfully extended

Increase the Logical Volume

bwmx01d:~ # <strong>lvextend /dev/system/LVmotr /dev/sda3</strong>
  Extending logical volume LVmotr to 115.62 GB
  Logical volume LVmotr successfully resized

bwmx01d:~ # lvextend /dev/system/LVmotr /dev/sda3

Extending logical volume LVmotr to 115.62 GB

Logical volume LVmotr successfully resized

Finally increase the file system.

bwmx01d:~ # <strong>resize2fs /dev/mapper/system-LVmotr</strong>
resize2fs 1.41.9 (22-Aug-2009)
Filesystem at /dev/mapper/system-LVmotr is mounted on /motr; on-line resizing required
old desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 8
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/mapper/system-LVmotr to 30309376 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/mapper/system-LVmotr is now 30309376 blocks long.

bwmx01d:~ # resize2fs /dev/mapper/system-LVmotr

resize2fs 1.41.9 (22-Aug-2009)

Filesystem at /dev/mapper/system-LVmotr is mounted on /motr; on-line resizing required

old desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 8

Performing an on-line resize of /dev/mapper/system-LVmotr to 30309376 (4k) blocks.

The filesystem on /dev/mapper/system-LVmotr is now 30309376 blocks long.

Note:Â I had issues trying to use resize2fs on a physical host, as I was attempting to expand file system by adding a new disk to the system.Â So try this as last step if that fails..

bwmx01d:~ # resize_reiserfs /dev/system/motr
resize_reiserfs 3.6.21 (2009 www.namesys.com)

1 2	bwmx01d:~ # resize_reiserfs /dev/system/motr resize_reiserfs 3.6.21 (2009 www.namesys.com)

resize_reiserfs: On-line resizing finished successfully.

That’s it.

bwmx01d:~ # <strong>df -h</strong>
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/system-LVRoot
                      4.8G  2.2G  2.5G  48% /
devtmpfs              2.0G  116K  2.0G   1% /dev
tmpfs                 2.0G     0  2.0G   0% /dev/shm
/dev/mapper/system-LVhome
                      2.0G   46M  1.8G   3% /home
/dev/mapper/system-LVmotr
                      114G  836M  108G   1% /motr
/dev/mapper/system-LVtmp
                      985M   66M  869M   8% /tmp
/dev/mapper/system-LVvar
                      3.9G  142M  3.6G   4% /var
/dev/sda1              63M   15M   45M  25% /lvmboot

bwmx01d:~ # df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/system-LVRoot

4.8G 2.2G 2.5G 48% /

devtmpfs 2.0G 116K 2.0G 1% /dev

tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev/shm

/dev/mapper/system-LVhome

2.0G 46M 1.8G 3% /home

/dev/mapper/system-LVmotr

114G 836M 108G 1% /motr

/dev/mapper/system-LVtmp

985M 66M 869M 8% /tmp

/dev/mapper/system-LVvar

3.9G 142M 3.6G 4% /var

/dev/sda1 63M 15M 45M 25% /lvmboot

UnixDude

"To be a warrior is not a simple matter of wishing to be one. It is rather an endless struggle that will go on to the very last moment of our lives. Nobody is born a warrior, in exactly the same way that nobody is born an average man. We make ourselves into one or the other." --Kokoro

lvm

All posts tagged lvm

Cheat Sheet for mdadm & lvm

Copied from https://gist.github.com/plepe

mdadm

LVM

Other
create bios grub partition

Good LVM info

LVM CheatSheet

Increasing LVM on Vmware with SLES11.

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My Steam’s Game WishList

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mdadm

LVM

Other create bios grub partition

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Archives

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My Steam’s Game WishList

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create bios grub partition